1. Some states have "shall issue” permit laws while other states have "may issue” permit laws. The difference is, in "shall issue” states, the agency in question must issue your permit to carry a firearm if you pass the background check and/or pass other specific parameters established by law. For states with a "may issue” permit law, it is at the complete discretion of law enforcement (or some other governmental agency) as to whether or not you should be issued a permit to carry a firearm.

2. Pertinent information for the 911 operator would include: (1) Full name; (2) Location / address; (3) I was attacked and I had to defend myself

3. Current laws (criminal or civil) shield Good Samaritans.

4. Never use deadly force against another unless you are in fear of immediate death or great bodily harm, you are innocent, you are a reluctant participant in the altercation, no opportunity to retreat or avoid the use of deadly force exists and your use of deadly force will not put innocent bystanders in jeopardy.

5. Law enforcement can confront you with false physical evidence in an attempt to coerce you into incriminating yourself.

6. Outside of your place of abode, you may only use deadly force in self-defense if you believe the threat of death or great bodily harm exists.

7. Travelers need to know the rules of the road before heading to another state with firearms.

8. After notifying a police officer that you are carrying a firearm, if there are specific instructions given by the officer that you do not understand, ask for clarification.

9. Self-defense is not an affirmative defense.

10. It is generally believed that the first person to call 911 is the victim.

11. Reasonable force can best be described as the level of force proportionate to the level of unlawful force about to be utilized against the victim.

12. In the State of Minnesota, you may carry concealed or carry openly as long as you have been trained and the sheriff has issued you a permit to carry a firearm.

13. Regarding the color codes of awareness, condition black means that the lethal assault is underway and someone is trying to kill you.

14. Laws can differ greatly from state-to-state. This is especially true where firearms are concerned and the legal use of force.

15. The final version of the Minnesota Citizens Personal Protection Act was passed in 2005.

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