1. There are five possible responses to a life-threatening encounter:

  1. Freeze - The victim of the attack may be so overwhelmed or surprised by being threatened, the victim may become incapable of any action;
  2. Submit - Simply giving into the attacker;
  3. Posture - Combat without combat. Words, sounds, gestures and body language are weapons used to dominate, intimidate and subdue another. Depending on circumstances, the attacker and the victim, one may try to out-bluster the other until one backs down or flees.;
  4. Flight - Retreat or running away from the situation;
  5. Fight - The use of reasonable force to prevent an attacker from harming you

2. In the state of Minnesota, the shooting qualification to get your permit to carry a firearm, typically consists of firing 30 to 50 rounds of ammunition at two different distances into two targets.

3. Law enforcement can confront you with false physical evidence in an attempt to coerce you into incriminating yourself.

4. Everything you need to know about gun laws and use of force can be learned by reading the state statutes.

5. In a 2006 CNN report, Minneapolis ranked in the top 25 most dangerous cities in the US.

6. Regarding the color codes of awareness, condition "blue" represents an attack is about to happen immediately.

7. A .44 caliber round is generally considered the minimum for a self-defense round.

8. Self-defense is not an affirmative defense.

9. If you are attacked by someone with superior fighting skills, disparity of force can exist. The challenge is you must know your attacker possesses these skills at the time of the attack.

10. When selecting a firearm, size, weight and caliber are considerations to keep in mind.

11. Which Amendment to the US Constitution provides that, "No person... shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself..."

12. In the State of Minnesota, your Permit to Carry information is available in the Department of Motor Vehicle (DMV) database e.g. part of your driver license information or vehicle registration information.

13. In self-defense training, you are taught to shoot with intent to kill.

14. Beyond a reasonable doubt would suggest 75% to 99% certainty.

15. Semi-automatics are generally considered to be less complicated to operate than revolvers.

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