1. There are five possible responses to a life-threatening encounter:

  1. Freeze - The victim of the attack may be so overwhelmed or surprised by being threatened, the victim may become incapable of any action;
  2. Submit - Simply giving into the attacker;
  3. Posture - Combat without combat. Words, sounds, gestures and body language are weapons used to dominate, intimidate and subdue another. Depending on circumstances, the attacker and the victim, one may try to out-bluster the other until one backs down or flees.;
  4. Flight - Retreat or running away from the situation;
  5. Fight - The use of reasonable force to prevent an attacker from harming you

2. For legal reasons, never use the phrases and or words "kill”, "accident", "mistake" or "I didn't mean to" (just to name a few), when referring to or describing your own actions.

3. Minnesota statute 609.666 specifically authorizes the use of deadly force to prevent the commission of a felony in the home.

4. When attacked by three or more assailants, disparity of force clearly exists. With two against one, it most likely will come down to a judgment call as to whether or not the two attackers represent enough of an overwhelming force to justify the use of deadly force for self-defense. It is important to note that should you disable one of two attackers or two of three attackers, your use of deadly force must generally stop because now disparity of force (force in numbers) no longer exists.

5. When asked by a law enforcement officer if you are armed, in Minnesota you do not have to answer that question.

6. There are two types of handguns: Revolvers and short barrel rifles.

7. Regarding the color codes of awareness, when outside the home, you should be at condition yellow (aware of your surroundings)

8. UAPDI is authorized by the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension to certify individuals so that they may teach the Minnesota Permit to Carry class?

9. The two primary reasons "open carry" is a bad idea include: (1) There is a high probability that anyone who sees you with a handgun will call 911 and law enforcement will be forced to waste their time and yours investigating your lawful right to carry. (2) You are alerting potential attackers that you have a gun which eliminates or greatly reduces your tactical advantage. Why give others (criminals) the advance notice that you are carrying a firearm?

10. When making a claim of self-defense, you have to admit that you did in fact shoot your attacker.

11. The material presented on the UAPDI WEB site or by a UAPDI instructor constitutes legal advise?

12. The Supreme Court has held that police must stop questioning suspects once they assert their right to counsel, but it has also held that a person must affirmatively invoke the right to silence.

13. If you believe a threat will soon turn into physical violence, you may take the following actions to preempt an attack (least aggressive to most aggressive): (1) Issue verbal commands. Expose your firearm but leave the gun in the holster, keeping your hand on the guns grip so the gun can be quickly pulled and put into action (2) Issue verbal commands. Pull your gun from its holster and keep the gun at your side or at a low ready position (pointed toward the ground at approximately a 45 degree angle) (3) Issue verbal commands. Pull your gun from its holster and point your gun at the attacker

14. If you point your gun at someone and you are not able to articulate your legal justification for doing so, you run the risk of criminal prosecution.

15. In the state of Minnesota, statute 609.06 authorizes a private citizen the right to use reasonable force toward another in self-defense.

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