1. Minnesota statute 347.17 states, "Any person may kill any dog that the person knows is affected with the disease known as hydrophobia, or that may suddenly attack while the person is peacefully walking or riding and while being out of the enclosure of its owner or keeper, and may kill any dog found killing, wounding, or worrying any horses, cattle, sheep, lambs, or other domestic animals." - Statute 347.17 is an example of a statute possibly needing to be researched in order to find out how the courts actually interpret this statute.

2. The WEB site Handgunlaw.us can be used to find legal information related to firearms state-by-state but the information should always be cross-checked and verified on the state specific WEB site.

3. Some states have "shall issue” permit laws while other states have "may issue” permit laws. The difference is, in "shall issue” states, the agency in question must issue your permit to carry a firearm if you pass the background check and/or pass other specific parameters established by law. For states with a "may issue” permit law, it is at the complete discretion of law enforcement (or some other governmental agency) as to whether or not you should be issued a permit to carry a firearm.

4. The Glock 19 has no exposed hammer. This gun uses an internal striker.

5. Semi-automatics are generally considered to be less complicated to operate than revolvers.

6. Following a defensive shooting, a person is likely to experience elation and self-doubt.

7. The element of "Preclusion" allows you to stand-your-ground without a duty to retreat.

8. In the State of Minnesota, you may carry concealed or carry openly as long as you have been trained and the sheriff has issued you a permit to carry a firearm.

9. Beyond a reasonable doubt would suggest 75% to 99% certainty.

10. There are five possible responses to a life-threatening encounter:

  1. Freeze - The victim of the attack may be so overwhelmed or surprised by being threatened, the victim may become incapable of any action;
  2. Submit - Simply giving into the attacker;
  3. Posture - Combat without combat. Words, sounds, gestures and body language are weapons used to dominate, intimidate and subdue another. Depending on circumstances, the attacker and the victim, one may try to out-bluster the other until one backs down or flees.;
  4. Flight - Retreat or running away from the situation;
  5. Fight - The use of reasonable force to prevent an attacker from harming you

11. Self-defense is not an affirmative defense.

12. UAPDI is authorized by the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension to certify individuals so that they may teach the Minnesota Permit to Carry class?

13. Patches, cleaning rod, soft cloth, cleaning rod attachments, small brush, bore cleaner, bore brush and gun oil are not examples of the items used to clean a firearm.

14. When using your firearm to protect yourself, you will always have the time for proper stance and sight alignment.

15. The levels of proof are: Mere suspicion, articulable suspicion, probable cause, preponderance of the evidence and beyond a reasonable doubt

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