1. When asked by a law enforcement officer if you are armed, in Minnesota you do not have to answer that question.

2. If you are attacked by someone with superior fighting skills, disparity of force can exist. The challenge is you must know your attacker possesses these skills at the time of the attack.

3. Using excessive force to defend yourself could result in criminal charges.

4. The line between reasonable force and excessive force is very thin where no buffer zone exists.

5. Where home security is concerned, always keep garage and exterior doors closed and locked. Never answer the door unless you are expecting someone.

6. Minnesota does not have a statute related to "Negligent Storage of Firearms"

7. Some states have "shall issue” permit laws while other states have "may issue” permit laws. The difference is, in "shall issue” states, the agency in question must issue your permit to carry a firearm if you pass the background check and/or pass other specific parameters established by law. For states with a "may issue” permit law, it is at the complete discretion of law enforcement (or some other governmental agency) as to whether or not you should be issued a permit to carry a firearm.

8. The fundamental rules for safe gun handling include: (1) Treat all firearms as if they are loaded; (2) Always keep the firearm pointed in a safe direction; (3) Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot; and (4) Keep the firearm unloaded and safely stored until ready for use (a firearm designated for self-defense is considered to be in use).

9. When carrying a firearm and stopped by a law enforcement officer, do not make sudden movements or pull out the firearm to show it to the officer.

10. When selecting a firearm, size, weight and caliber are considerations to keep in mind.

11. Following a defensive shooting, a person is likely to experience elation and self-doubt.

12. Minnesota statute 609.065 specifically covers the justifiable taking of human life.

13. The two primary reasons "open carry" is a bad idea include: (1) There is a high probability that anyone who sees you with a handgun will call 911 and law enforcement will be forced to waste their time and yours investigating your lawful right to carry. (2) You are alerting potential attackers that you have a gun which eliminates or greatly reduces your tactical advantage. Why give others (criminals) the advance notice that you are carrying a firearm?

14. Regarding the color codes of awareness, condition "blue" represents an attack is about to happen immediately.

15. Defensive accuracy is typically defined as being able to consistently fire a predetermined number of rounds of ammunition into a target the size of a paper plate from a distance of 61 feet.

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