1. In some but not all states, parents are legally liable for the actions of their children when it comes to firearms in the home.

2. Properly documenting your training (formal and informal) is important so that you can prove in court that you had specific knowledge at the time of the shooting.

3. Travelers need to know the rules of the road before heading to another state with firearms.

4. Everything you need to know about gun laws and use of force can be learned by reading the state statutes.

5. Anytime a firearm is used defensively, regardless of whether or not a shot is fired, it is important to notify the police as soon as it is safe to do so. The reason for this is the fact that the would-be criminal might decide to call 911 to report that someone (you) just pulled a gun on him. Generally, the first person to call 911 is the victim.

6. Laws can differ greatly from state-to-state. This is especially true where firearms are concerned and the legal use of force.

7. In self-defense training, you are taught to shoot with intent to kill.

8. The levels of proof are: Mere suspicion, articulable suspicion, probable cause, preponderance of the evidence and beyond a reasonable doubt

9. If you believe a threat will soon turn into physical violence, you may take the following actions to preempt an attack (least aggressive to most aggressive): (1) Issue verbal commands. Expose your firearm but leave the gun in the holster, keeping your hand on the guns grip so the gun can be quickly pulled and put into action (2) Issue verbal commands. Pull your gun from its holster and keep the gun at your side or at a low ready position (pointed toward the ground at approximately a 45 degree angle) (3) Issue verbal commands. Pull your gun from its holster and point your gun at the attacker

10. For self-defense ammunition, only buy high quality name brand cartridges. Most often, personal-defense ammunition comes in some variation of a hollow-point bullet.

11. Components that make up the ammunition cartridge include: Bore, rifling and primer.

12. Select all the general body responses one may experience when in a deadly encounter.







13. Depending on your jurisdiction, there are up to five elements of self-defense law:

  1. Avoidance - Escape if you can
  2. Innocence - Don't start or provoke the fight
  3. Imminence - The attack has started or is about to begin immediately (AOJ-P analysis)
  4. Proportionality - Equal force (you cannot use deadly force against a non-deadly threat)
  5. Reasonableness - You made good decisions under the circumstances

If a prosecutor can disprove any of the five elements, your self-defense justification collapses.

14. Minnesota does not have a statute related to "Negligent Storage of Firearms"

15. When carrying a firearm and stopped by a law enforcement officer, do not make sudden movements or pull out the firearm to show it to the officer.

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