1. Reasonable force can best be described as the level of force proportionate to the level of unlawful force about to be utilized against the victim.

2. The fundamental rules for safe gun handling include: (1) Treat all firearms as if they are loaded; (2) Always keep the firearm pointed in a safe direction; (3) Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot; and (4) Keep the firearm unloaded and safely stored until ready for use (a firearm designated for self-defense is considered to be in use).

3. When carrying a firearm and stopped by a law enforcement officer, do not make sudden movements or pull out the firearm to show it to the officer.

4. Self defense law has evolved over hundreds of years and continues to evolve even today

5. Some states have "shall issue” permit laws while other states have "may issue” permit laws. The difference is, in "shall issue” states, the agency in question must issue your permit to carry a firearm if you pass the background check and/or pass other specific parameters established by law. For states with a "may issue” permit law, it is at the complete discretion of law enforcement (or some other governmental agency) as to whether or not you should be issued a permit to carry a firearm.

6. You cannot claim self-defense if the shooting was an accident or a mistake.

7. The material presented on the UAPDI WEB site or by a UAPDI instructor constitutes legal advise?

8. If you are being questioned by law enforcement, you are probably a suspect in a crime or the officer is attempting to discern as to whether or not a crime has been committed.

9. The two primary reasons "open carry" is a bad idea include: (1) There is a high probability that anyone who sees you with a handgun will call 911 and law enforcement will be forced to waste their time and yours investigating your lawful right to carry. (2) You are alerting potential attackers that you have a gun which eliminates or greatly reduces your tactical advantage. Why give others (criminals) the advance notice that you are carrying a firearm?

10. Regarding the color codes of awareness, when outside the home, you should be at condition yellow (aware of your surroundings)

11. A good quality belt and holster is ideally required to properly support and retain a firearm.

12. Travelers need to know the rules of the road before heading to another state with firearms.

13. There are five possible responses to a life-threatening encounter:

  1. Freeze - The victim of the attack may be so overwhelmed or surprised by being threatened, the victim may become incapable of any action;
  2. Submit - Simply giving into the attacker;
  3. Posture - Combat without combat. Words, sounds, gestures and body language are weapons used to dominate, intimidate and subdue another. Depending on circumstances, the attacker and the victim, one may try to out-bluster the other until one backs down or flees.;
  4. Flight - Retreat or running away from the situation;
  5. Fight - The use of reasonable force to prevent an attacker from harming you

14. The levels of proof are: Mere suspicion, articulable suspicion, probable cause, preponderance of the evidence and beyond a reasonable doubt

15. In self-defense training, you are taught to shoot with intent to kill.

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