1. Where home security is concerned, always keep garage and exterior doors closed and locked. Never answer the door unless you are expecting someone.

2. For self-defense ammunition, only buy high quality name brand cartridges. Most often, personal-defense ammunition comes in some variation of a hollow-point bullet.

3. A .44 caliber round is generally considered the minimum for a self-defense round.

4. The element of "Preclusion" allows you to stand-your-ground without a duty to retreat.

5. Pertinent information for the 911 operator would include: (1) Full name; (2) Location / address; (3) I was attacked and I had to defend myself

6. A good quality belt and holster is ideally required to properly support and retain a firearm.

7. When attacked by three or more assailants, disparity of force clearly exists. With two against one, it most likely will come down to a judgment call as to whether or not the two attackers represent enough of an overwhelming force to justify the use of deadly force for self-defense. It is important to note that should you disable one of two attackers or two of three attackers, your use of deadly force must generally stop because now disparity of force (force in numbers) no longer exists.

8. There are five possible responses to a life-threatening encounter:

  1. Freeze - The victim of the attack may be so overwhelmed or surprised by being threatened, the victim may become incapable of any action;
  2. Submit - Simply giving into the attacker;
  3. Posture - Combat without combat. Words, sounds, gestures and body language are weapons used to dominate, intimidate and subdue another. Depending on circumstances, the attacker and the victim, one may try to out-bluster the other until one backs down or flees.;
  4. Flight - Retreat or running away from the situation;
  5. Fight - The use of reasonable force to prevent an attacker from harming you

9. In Minnesota, posted private establishments can prevent permit holders from carrying a firearm within their business.

10. There are valuable resources available to educate oneself on deadly encounters and the law. Select from the list all that would be considered appropriate training resources.

11. Minnesota does not have a statute related to "Negligent Storage of Firearms"

12. Firearms don't generally need to be cleaned to prevent lead, copper and powder buildup in the firearm.

13. The two primary reasons "open carry" is a bad idea include: (1) There is a high probability that anyone who sees you with a handgun will call 911 and law enforcement will be forced to waste their time and yours investigating your lawful right to carry. (2) You are alerting potential attackers that you have a gun which eliminates or greatly reduces your tactical advantage. Why give others (criminals) the advance notice that you are carrying a firearm?

14. In the State of Minnesota, you may carry concealed or carry openly as long as you have been trained and the sheriff has issued you a permit to carry a firearm.

15. As a very general rule, no one is obligated to speak to the police, but even non-verbal communication can, in some situations, be incriminating.

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