1. Some states have "shall issue” permit laws while other states have "may issue” permit laws. The difference is, in "shall issue” states, the agency in question must issue your permit to carry a firearm if you pass the background check and/or pass other specific parameters established by law. For states with a "may issue” permit law, it is at the complete discretion of law enforcement (or some other governmental agency) as to whether or not you should be issued a permit to carry a firearm.

2. Hollow-point bullets are designed to expand when they enter the body.

3. Depending on your jurisdiction, there are up to five elements of self-defense law:

  1. Avoidance - Escape if you can
  2. Innocence - Don't start or provoke the fight
  3. Imminence - The attack has started or is about to begin immediately (AOJ-P analysis)
  4. Proportionality - Equal force (you cannot use deadly force against a non-deadly threat)
  5. Reasonableness - You made good decisions under the circumstances

If a prosecutor can disprove any of the five elements, your self-defense justification collapses.

4. When carrying a firearm and stopped by a law enforcement officer, do not make sudden movements or pull out the firearm to show it to the officer.

5. In order to help retain and maintain control of your firearm throughout a self-defense scenario, you can keep your gun in one hand and close to your body and utilize your free hand to block your attacker.

6. Minnesota statute 347.17 states, "Any person may kill any dog that the person knows is affected with the disease known as hydrophobia, or that may suddenly attack while the person is peacefully walking or riding and while being out of the enclosure of its owner or keeper, and may kill any dog found killing, wounding, or worrying any horses, cattle, sheep, lambs, or other domestic animals." - Statute 347.17 is an example of a statute possibly needing to be researched in order to find out how the courts actually interpret this statute.

7. The Glock 19 has no exposed hammer. This gun uses an internal striker.

8. You cannot claim self-defense if the shooting was an accident or a mistake.

9. In the state of Minnesota, the shooting qualification to get your permit to carry a firearm, typically consists of firing 30 to 50 rounds of ammunition at two different distances into two targets.

10. The line between reasonable force and excessive force is very thin where no buffer zone exists.

11. In self-defense training, you are taught to shoot with intent to kill.

12. Firearms don't generally need to be cleaned to prevent lead, copper and powder buildup in the firearm.

13. When attacked by three or more assailants, disparity of force clearly exists. With two against one, it most likely will come down to a judgment call as to whether or not the two attackers represent enough of an overwhelming force to justify the use of deadly force for self-defense. It is important to note that should you disable one of two attackers or two of three attackers, your use of deadly force must generally stop because now disparity of force (force in numbers) no longer exists.

14. As a very general rule, no one is obligated to speak to the police, but even non-verbal communication can, in some situations, be incriminating.

15. Regarding the color codes of awareness, condition black means that the lethal assault is underway and someone is trying to kill you.

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