1. If you point your gun at someone and you are not able to articulate your legal justification for doing so, you run the risk of criminal prosecution.

2. Reasonable force can best be described as the level of force proportionate to the level of unlawful force about to be utilized against the victim.

3. The Supreme Court has held that police must stop questioning suspects once they assert their right to counsel, but it has also held that a person must affirmatively invoke the right to silence.

4. Beyond a reasonable doubt would suggest 75% to 99% certainty.

5. Minnesota statute 347.17 states, "Any person may kill any dog that the person knows is affected with the disease known as hydrophobia, or that may suddenly attack while the person is peacefully walking or riding and while being out of the enclosure of its owner or keeper, and may kill any dog found killing, wounding, or worrying any horses, cattle, sheep, lambs, or other domestic animals." - Statute 347.17 is an example of a statute possibly needing to be researched in order to find out how the courts actually interpret this statute.

6. Depending on your jurisdiction, there are up to five elements of self-defense law:

  1. Avoidance - Escape if you can
  2. Innocence - Don't start or provoke the fight
  3. Imminence - The attack has started or is about to begin immediately (AOJ-P analysis)
  4. Proportionality - Equal force (you cannot use deadly force against a non-deadly threat)
  5. Reasonableness - You made good decisions under the circumstances

If a prosecutor can disprove any of the five elements, your self-defense justification collapses.

7. Self defense law has evolved over hundreds of years and continues to evolve even today

8. A good quality belt and holster is ideally required to properly support and retain a firearm.

9. Self-defense is not an affirmative defense.

10. Outside of your place of abode, you may only use deadly force in self-defense if you believe the threat of death or great bodily harm exists.

11. UAPDI is authorized by the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension to certify individuals so that they may teach the Minnesota Permit to Carry class?

12. No matter what your level of training or how capable you believe yourself to be in handling stressful situations, you will experience, to a greater or lesser degree, a number of involuntary physiological changes during a serious defensive situation.

13. When asked by a law enforcement officer if you are armed, in Minnesota you do not have to answer that question.

14. Modern revolvers will typically hold between five (5) and six (6) rounds in the cylinder. Depending on caliber, a revolver may hold as many as seven (7) rounds, e.g., some .22 caliber revolvers.

15. For a self-defense shooting, the preferred aiming point is the largest center of exposed mass which in many cases is the center chest.

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