1. There are five possible responses to a life-threatening encounter:

  1. Freeze - The victim of the attack may be so overwhelmed or surprised by being threatened, the victim may become incapable of any action;
  2. Submit - Simply giving into the attacker;
  3. Posture - Combat without combat. Words, sounds, gestures and body language are weapons used to dominate, intimidate and subdue another. Depending on circumstances, the attacker and the victim, one may try to out-bluster the other until one backs down or flees.;
  4. Flight - Retreat or running away from the situation;
  5. Fight - The use of reasonable force to prevent an attacker from harming you

2. Travelers need to know the rules of the road before heading to another state with firearms.

3. Minnesota does not have a statute related to "Negligent Storage of Firearms"

4. If there are witnesses to your self-defense incident, you should ask then if they are injured and ask everyone to call 911 to make a statement as to what they heard and saw. You should also call 911 yourself.

5. In order to help retain and maintain control of your firearm throughout a self-defense scenario, you can keep your gun in one hand and close to your body and utilize your free hand to block your attacker.

6. Depending on your jurisdiction, there are up to five elements of self-defense law:

  1. Avoidance - Escape if you can
  2. Innocence - Don't start or provoke the fight
  3. Imminence - The attack has started or is about to begin immediately (AOJ-P analysis)
  4. Proportionality - Equal force (you cannot use deadly force against a non-deadly threat)
  5. Reasonableness - You made good decisions under the circumstances

If a prosecutor can disprove any of the five elements, your self-defense justification collapses.

7. It is generally believed that the first person to call 911 is the victim.

8. Reciprocity is what you have when states do not honor each others permit to carry a firearm.

9. UAPDI is authorized by the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension to certify individuals so that they may teach the Minnesota Permit to Carry class?

10. Regarding the color codes of awareness, if you are at condition red, there is a greater than 50% certainty that your life is in danger.

11. If you believe a threat will soon turn into physical violence, you may take the following actions to preempt an attack (least aggressive to most aggressive): (1) Issue verbal commands. Expose your firearm but leave the gun in the holster, keeping your hand on the guns grip so the gun can be quickly pulled and put into action (2) Issue verbal commands. Pull your gun from its holster and keep the gun at your side or at a low ready position (pointed toward the ground at approximately a 45 degree angle) (3) Issue verbal commands. Pull your gun from its holster and point your gun at the attacker

12. If you are attacked by someone with superior fighting skills, disparity of force can exist. The challenge is you must know your attacker possesses these skills at the time of the attack.

13. Modern revolvers will typically hold between five (5) and six (6) rounds in the cylinder. Depending on caliber, a revolver may hold as many as seven (7) rounds, e.g., some .22 caliber revolvers.

14. For a self-defense shooting, the preferred aiming point is the largest center of exposed mass which in many cases is the center chest.

15. Patches, cleaning rod, soft cloth, cleaning rod attachments, small brush, bore cleaner, bore brush and gun oil are not examples of the items used to clean a firearm.

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