1. Depending on your jurisdiction, there are up to five elements of self-defense law:

  1. Avoidance - Escape if you can
  2. Innocence - Don't start or provoke the fight
  3. Imminence - The attack has started or is about to begin immediately (AOJ-P analysis)
  4. Proportionality - Equal force (you cannot use deadly force against a non-deadly threat)
  5. Reasonableness - You made good decisions under the circumstances

If a prosecutor can disprove any of the five elements, your self-defense justification collapses.

2. Minnesota statute 347.17 states, "Any person may kill any dog that the person knows is affected with the disease known as hydrophobia, or that may suddenly attack while the person is peacefully walking or riding and while being out of the enclosure of its owner or keeper, and may kill any dog found killing, wounding, or worrying any horses, cattle, sheep, lambs, or other domestic animals." - Statute 347.17 is an example of a statute possibly needing to be researched in order to find out how the courts actually interpret this statute.

3. The element of "Preclusion" allows you to stand-your-ground without a duty to retreat.

4. When attacked by three or more assailants, disparity of force clearly exists. With two against one, it most likely will come down to a judgment call as to whether or not the two attackers represent enough of an overwhelming force to justify the use of deadly force for self-defense. It is important to note that should you disable one of two attackers or two of three attackers, your use of deadly force must generally stop because now disparity of force (force in numbers) no longer exists.

5. A gun or knife are examples of "ability" to cause great bodily harm or death.

6. A .44 caliber round is generally considered the minimum for a self-defense round.

7. Regarding the color codes of awareness, condition "blue" represents an attack is about to happen immediately.

8. Using the Kimber 1911 as an example, this gun is carried safely in a cocked and locked fashion.

9. For target shooting, look for expensive name brand ammunition that is corrosive.

10. In the state of Minnesota, the shooting qualification to get your permit to carry a firearm, typically consists of firing 30 to 50 rounds of ammunition at two different distances into two targets.

11. Reciprocity is what you have when states do not honor each others permit to carry a firearm.

12. Hollow-point bullets are designed to expand when they enter the body.

13. The two primary reasons "open carry" is a bad idea include: (1) There is a high probability that anyone who sees you with a handgun will call 911 and law enforcement will be forced to waste their time and yours investigating your lawful right to carry. (2) You are alerting potential attackers that you have a gun which eliminates or greatly reduces your tactical advantage. Why give others (criminals) the advance notice that you are carrying a firearm?

14. After defending yourself with a firearm outside your home, select the option(s) that you should NOT do or say when the police arrive.

15. When carrying a firearm and stopped by a law enforcement officer, do not make sudden movements or pull out the firearm to show it to the officer.

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