1. There are two types of handguns: Revolvers and short barrel rifles.

2. Self-defense is not an affirmative defense.

3. If you are being questioned by law enforcement, you are probably a suspect in a crime or the officer is attempting to discern as to whether or not a crime has been committed.

4. Hollow-point bullets are designed to expand when they enter the body.

5. The material presented on the UAPDI WEB site or by a UAPDI instructor constitutes legal advise?

6. The levels of proof are: Mere suspicion, articulable suspicion, probable cause, preponderance of the evidence and beyond a reasonable doubt

7. Select all the general body responses one may experience when in a deadly encounter.







8. In Minnesota, posted private establishments can prevent permit holders from carrying a firearm within their business.

9. Depending on your jurisdiction, there are up to five elements of self-defense law:

  1. Avoidance - Escape if you can
  2. Innocence - Don't start or provoke the fight
  3. Imminence - The attack has started or is about to begin immediately (AOJ-P analysis)
  4. Proportionality - Equal force (you cannot use deadly force against a non-deadly threat)
  5. Reasonableness - You made good decisions under the circumstances

If a prosecutor can disprove any of the five elements, your self-defense justification collapses.

10. AOJ-P is short for Ability, Opportunity, Jeopardy and Preclusion. If all four elements are satisfied, the use of deadly force is generally authorized. The AOJ-P analysis is used to identify a real threat and imminence of the danger being faced.

11. The element of "Jeopardy" exists when "Ability" and "Opportunity" exist and the attacker's actions and or words indicate he actually intends to carryout the deadly assault.

12. A good quality belt and holster is ideally required to properly support and retain a firearm.

13. You cannot claim self-defense if the shooting was an accident or a mistake.

14. The final version of the Minnesota Citizens Personal Protection Act was passed in 2005.

15. Reasonable force can best be described as the level of force proportionate to the level of unlawful force about to be utilized against the victim.

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