1. Patches, cleaning rod, soft cloth, cleaning rod attachments, small brush, bore cleaner, bore brush and gun oil are not examples of the items used to clean a firearm.

2. The element of "Preclusion" allows you to stand-your-ground without a duty to retreat.

3. UAPDI is authorized by the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension to certify individuals so that they may teach the Minnesota Permit to Carry class?

4. If you are attacked by someone with superior fighting skills, disparity of force can exist. The challenge is you must know your attacker possesses these skills at the time of the attack.

5. Regarding the color codes of awareness, condition black means that the lethal assault is underway and someone is trying to kill you.

6. When selecting a firearm, size, weight and caliber are considerations to keep in mind.

7. After notifying a police officer that you are carrying a firearm, if there are specific instructions given by the officer that you do not understand, ask for clarification.

8. For self-defense ammunition, only buy high quality name brand cartridges. Most often, personal-defense ammunition comes in some variation of a hollow-point bullet.

9. A good quality belt and holster is ideally required to properly support and retain a firearm.

10. The fundamental rules for safe gun handling include: (1) Treat all firearms as if they are loaded; (2) Always keep the firearm pointed in a safe direction; (3) Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot; and (4) Keep the firearm unloaded and safely stored until ready for use (a firearm designated for self-defense is considered to be in use).

11. When making a claim of self-defense, you have to admit that you did in fact shoot your attacker.

12. As a very general rule, no one is obligated to speak to the police, but even non-verbal communication can, in some situations, be incriminating.

13. If you believe a threat will soon turn into physical violence, you may take the following actions to preempt an attack (least aggressive to most aggressive): (1) Issue verbal commands. Expose your firearm but leave the gun in the holster, keeping your hand on the guns grip so the gun can be quickly pulled and put into action (2) Issue verbal commands. Pull your gun from its holster and keep the gun at your side or at a low ready position (pointed toward the ground at approximately a 45 degree angle) (3) Issue verbal commands. Pull your gun from its holster and point your gun at the attacker

14. Regarding the color codes of awareness, when outside the home, you should be at condition yellow (aware of your surroundings)

15. After a self-defense shooting, remaining calm and in control will be important because it will set the tone for how others perceive you and how law enforcement officers interact with you.

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