1. The levels of proof are: Mere suspicion, articulable suspicion, probable cause, preponderance of the evidence and beyond a reasonable doubt

2. The fundamental rules for safe gun handling include: (1) Treat all firearms as if they are loaded; (2) Always keep the firearm pointed in a safe direction; (3) Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot; and (4) Keep the firearm unloaded and safely stored until ready for use (a firearm designated for self-defense is considered to be in use).

3. If you point your gun at someone and you are not able to articulate your legal justification for doing so, you run the risk of criminal prosecution.

4. Police are not legally liable for failing to protect individual citizens, only the community at large.

5. According to the National Rifle Association, more than 2 million assaults are prevented each year by making a potential attacker aware that the would-be victim is carrying a firearm.

6. The material presented on the UAPDI WEB site or by a UAPDI instructor constitutes legal advise?

7. The final version of the Minnesota Citizens Personal Protection Act was passed in 2005.

8. Some states have "shall issue” permit laws while other states have "may issue” permit laws. The difference is, in "shall issue” states, the agency in question must issue your permit to carry a firearm if you pass the background check and/or pass other specific parameters established by law. For states with a "may issue” permit law, it is at the complete discretion of law enforcement (or some other governmental agency) as to whether or not you should be issued a permit to carry a firearm.

9. Most, if not all states provide some means to allow private citizens to carry a loaded firearm on their person and in public (outside their home) for personal defense.

10. Some states do not regulate "carry" at all (aka Constitutional Carry) with the exception of having an age requirement and not being a person prohibited from owning a firearm.

11. For target shooting, look for expensive name brand ammunition that is corrosive.

12. Self defense law has evolved over hundreds of years and continues to evolve even today

13. In self-defense training, you are taught to shoot with intent to kill.

14. After defending yourself with a firearm outside your home, select the option(s) that you should NOT do or say when the police arrive.

15. For a self-defense shooting, the preferred aiming point is the largest center of exposed mass which in many cases is the center chest.

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